Town planning theory since 1945 (3 significant developments but no paradigm shifts

There is an avious shifts in town planning theory or thought overtime.  The shift of town planning thought is questioned on its apppropriateness in the planning theory whether or not it is seen as paradigm,which is the long existing world views that is fundamental and exists overtime. In this respect,  there are three outstanding shifts of thought in the town planning theory: the first is from 1960s shift  the view of town planning as an exercise in physical planning and urban design to the systems and rational process views of planning.second, from town planning as an activity which  are in favor of  technical expertise and include a political process of making value-judgements about environmental change.in this respect a planners should  act as a manager and facilitator.the last shift is  from modernism (modernists) to post-modernism  planning model. The shift of thought in the planning world was also seen to be the stepping stone to allocate the planners in a right way in the planning profession. From the idea of shift of thought by  kuhnian perspective is considered as a paradigm shift or known as revolutionary science basis. The idea used by historian, Thomas khun ,refered to the radical  change in thingking from an accepted point of view to a new one.According to Khun, the planning thought would be effective if it is based on scientific perspective as it will then sustain the planning to be the long-term model.
Because of the kuhnian's scientifical approach, the theory of town planning shifted perspective of planning as art to planning as science. The scintific approach by Khun  also triggered four fundamental changes/shifts in town planning thought sucah, from physical or morphological aspects to the complexiticy of planning activities, from physiscal and aesthetical basis to social and economic activities, from planning as end-state, or blueprint to planning that can make places alive, and the application of scientific analysis in the shaping of town planning..

How Plans Works

Direct remedy for the arrangement and the role of urban plan was emphasized by urban developers in 1920s. This approach then legislated as the standard City planning enabling Act.in order to implement this, a citizen advisory commission was formed under SCPEAS to implement the plan as well as overseeing the implementation. The focus of the plan was to guide the public and private sector specifically in making decision on development. However, in the process of preparing their model of plan,, some cities had formed their own planning commission in their own cities. As a result, there had been some plan models already created such as; plan of Washington DC 1901 the author of these plans recommended five important purposes of a plan model, such as, a plan should become an agenda, a plan should cover a set of policies, it should determine a clear vision, and a plan should seek for action or design, and also it should have a hierarchical model for decision making.  Among these planning models, Cincinnati was the first plan accepted to be implemented by the city planning commission.

Even though Cincinnati planning model was seen as a less comprehensive plan at that time, it had given a great solution for many different plans to be created since then. Cincinnati’s official city plan was then transformed to be the metropolitan master plan which represented one of the five purposes (agenda –setting type). A master plan should not just a compilation of plans, but it should represent the upshots of various consultations with interested stakeholders. In addition, a master plans should be like a map that can give clear description of location of various places, which based on five general policies, such as; the protection of heritage, unification of city and monumental principle, promoting sustainability, and improve transport system. Moreover, a plan should encompass two vital components of urban development plan such as; investment and regulation as both elements have interconnected effects to each other. Investment in physical development such as infrastructure can give efficient outcomes if the regulations are implemented, furthermore,, a good plan also can affects the investment and regulation.